Grammar / Possessive Pronouns In Depth
语法 · Grammar
Sin/sit/sine vs. hans/hendes · 所有格代词深度辨析 · Possessive Pronouns In Depth
The one question that decides everything: is the owner the subject of the clause? · 一个问题决定一切:所属物的主人是不是句子的主语?
1. 核心规则 · The core rule
是 Yes · use sin/sit/sine 用 sin/sit/sine
Han tog sin hat og gik.
He picked up his (own) hat and left — the hat belongs to the subject han · 他拿起自己的帽子走了——帽子是主语 han 自己的
不是 No · use hans/hendes/deres 用 hans/hendes/deres
Maria gav Peter hans nøgle.
Maria gave Peter his key back — the key belongs to Peter, not the subject Maria · 玛丽亚把钥匙还给彼得——钥匙属于 Peter,不是主语 Maria 的
sin/sit/sine is only used when a third-person singular subject refers to itself; a third-person plural subject referring to itself uses deres (not sine). · sin/sit/sine 只用于第三人称单数主语指代自己;第三人称复数主语指代自己用 deres(不是 sine)。
2. 经典对比例句 · Classic comparison
sin · her own husband 自己的丈夫
Hun elsker sin mand.
She loves her own husband · 她爱自己的丈夫
hendes · another woman's husband 另一个女人的丈夫
Hun elsker hendes mand.
She loves (another woman's) husband · 她爱(另一个女人的)丈夫
3. Sin/sit/sine 固定搭配 · Fixed expressions using sin/sit/sine
| 分类 | 短语 | 含义 Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 权利与责任 | afgive sin stemme | cast one's own vote · 投下自己的一票 |
| gøre sin pligt | do one's own duty · 尽自己的义务 | |
| aftjene sin værnepligt | complete one's military service · 服兵役 | |
| 职业与学业 | afslutte sin uddannelse | finish one's own education · 完成自己的学业 |
| fratræde sin stilling | resign from one's own position · 辞去自己的职务 | |
| 行为与表达 | sige sin ærlige mening | speak one's honest mind · 说出自己的真实想法 |
| bevise sin uskyld | prove one's own innocence · 证明自己的清白 | |
| 物品与状态 | i sin nuværende form | in its current form · 以其现在的形式 |
| rotere om sin egen akse | rotate around its own axis · 绕自身轴线旋转 |
4. Hans/hendes 固定搭配与称谓 · Fixed expressions & titles using hans/hendes
| 短语 | 含义 Meaning | 说明 Note |
|---|---|---|
| Hans/Hendes Majestæt | His/Her Majesty · 陛下(男/女) | Fixed honorific title, not a reflexive relation · 固定尊称,非反身关系 |
| finde hans blik | catch his gaze · 捕捉到他的目光 | Refers to catching someone else's gaze · 指捕捉到别人的目光 |
| efter hans opfattelse | according to his view · 根据他的看法 | Someone (not the subject)'s opinion · 某人(非主语)的观点 |
| vinde hendes fortrolighed | win her trust · 赢得她的信任 | The subject wins "her" trust — the trust belongs to her · 主语赢得了"她"的信任,信任属于她 |
| under hans ledelse | under his leadership · 在他的领导下 | Under someone else's management · 在他人的管理下 |
5. 特殊对比表达 · Expressions that flip meaning by pronoun choice
| 短语 | 含义 Meaning |
|---|---|
| for min (hans/hendes) skyld | for my (his/her) sake · 为了我(他/她)的缘故 |
| i mine (hans/hendes) øjne | in my (his/her) view · 在我(他/她)看来 |
| det er ikke mit (hans) bord | it's not my (his) business · 那不关我(他)的事 |
| gå hver sin vej | go their separate ways (hver must take singular sin) · 各走各的路(hver 后必须接单数 sin) |
6. 易混淆案例精解 · Tricky cases worked out
Jorden roterer om sin egen akse · The Earth rotates on its own axis 地球绕自身的轴旋转
地球绕自身的轴旋转
Jorden is a common-gender noun, so the reflexive form is sin (not dens) · Jorden 是通性词,反身用 sin(不是 dens)
Hun vandt hans fortrolighed · She won his trust 她赢得了他的信任
她赢得了他的信任
Using sin would mean "won her own trust", which makes no sense — hans is required · 若用 sin,会变成"赢得了她自己的信任",语意不通——必须用 hans
Ask one question every time: “Is the owner the subject of the sentence?” Yes → sin/sit/sine (matching the noun's gender/number). No → hans/hendes/deres/dens/dets. · 每次只问一个问题:“所属物的主人是不是句子的主语?”是→sin/sit/sine(随名词性数变化);不是→hans/hendes/deres/dens/dets。