PD3 口语通关 · Speaking Prep

Grammar / Numbers, Time & Currency

语法 · Grammar

Tal, tid & penge · 数字、时间与货币 · Numbers, Time & Currency

From the vigesimal (base-20) number system to telling time and counting money — the trickiest everyday survival grammar in Danish. · 从二十进制数字系统到报时和数钱——丹麦语日常生存语法中最棘手的部分。

1. 基础数字 0–20 · Basic numbers

数字丹麦语数字丹麦语
0nul11elleve
1 (common/neuter)en / et12tolv
2to13tretten
3tre14fjorten
4fire15femten
5fem16seksten
6seks17sytten
7syv18atten
8otte19nitten
9ni20tyve
10ti

2. 二十进制:50–90 为何这么怪 · The vigesimal (base-20) system

Danish uses a medieval base-20 system for 50–90. Sindstyve = “times 20”. Even tens (60, 80) are simple multiples; odd ones (50, 70, 90) use halv- to mean “the half before reaching the next whole number”.
丹麦语 50–90 沿用中世纪的二十进制。Sindstyve = “乘以20”。偶数倍(60、80)是简单乘法;奇数倍(50、70、90)用 halv- 表示“到下一个整数之前的那个一半”。
数字丹麦语全称(历史) Full historical form逻辑 Logic
40fyrreirregular, the only exception · 不规则,唯一例外
50halvtreshalvtredje sindstyve2.5 × 20
60trestre sindstyve3 × 20
70halvfjershalvfjerde sindstyve3.5 × 20
80firsfire sindstyve4 × 20
90halvfemshalvfemte sindstyve4.5 × 20
Key point: halvtredje doesn't mean "half of 3" (1.5), but "the half before reaching 3", i.e. 2.5 — this is the easiest part of the whole system to misunderstand. · 关键:halvtredje 不是“3的一半”(1.5),而是“到3之前的那一半”,即2.5——这是整个系统最容易理解错的地方。

3. 百、千、百万、十亿 · Hundreds, thousands, millions, billions

数字丹麦语
100 / 105 / 250et hundrede / et hundrede og fem / to hundrede og halvtres
1,000 / 50,000et tusind / halvtres tusind
1,000,000en million(复数 millioner)
1,000,000,000en milliard(复数 milliarder)
1,000,000,000,000en billion
⚠️ Trap: Danish milliard = English billion; Danish billion = English trillion, a thousand times bigger than the English "billion"! · 陷阱:丹麦语 milliard = 英语 billion(十亿);丹麦语 billion = 英语 trillion(万亿),比英语的 billion 大一千倍!
Key rule — units come before tens, joined by “og”:
核心规则——个位在十位之前,用 og 连接:
21 = enogtyve · 54 = fireoghalvtres
one-and-twenty / four-and-fifty · 一和二十 / 四和五十

4. 报时:“超前半小时”逻辑 · Telling time

✗ 英语思维 English habit
halv ni = 9:30?
✓ 丹麦语逻辑 Danish logic
halv ni = 8:30
Literally "half of nine" — it points toward the next whole hour, not the one just passed · 字面“九点的一半”,指向下一个整点,不是过去的整点
表达含义 Meaning
Klokken er otte.8:00 (on the hour) · 8:00(整点)
Kvart over otte / Kvart i ni8:15 / 8:45 (quarter) · 8:15 / 8:45(一刻)
Ti i halv syv6:20 (ten to half-six) · 6:20(差10分到6点半)
Ti over halv syv6:40 (ten past half-six) · 6:40(6点半过了10分)
Fem i halv ni / Fem over halv ni8:25 / 8:35
For minutes between 20 and 40, Danish always uses the half-hour as the reference point, expressed with i (to)/over (past), rather than the whole hour. · 20–40分之间的分钟数,都以“半点”为基准用 i(差)/over(过)来表达,而不是以整点为基准。

5. 货币:克朗与零钱俚语 · Currency — kroner & øre

Main unit: krone (pl. kroner), 100 øre = 1 krone.
主单位:krone(复数 kroner),100 øre = 1 krone。
Hvad koster det?Det bliver 45 (femogfyrre) kroner.
How much does this cost? — That'll be 45 kroner · 这个多少钱?——一共45克朗
俚语 Slang含义 Meaning
en femmer / en tier5/10-krone coin · 5/10克朗硬币
en hund100-krone note (literally "a dog") · 100克朗纸币(字面“一只狗”)
en tusse1000-krone note · 1000克朗纸币
Payment methods: kontant (cash), kort (card), MobilePay (mobile payment). · 支付方式:kontant(现金), kort(刷卡), MobilePay(手机支付)。

6. 序数词、日期与年份 · Ordinals, dates & years

Ordinals: første (1st), anden (2nd), tredje (3rd); higher numbers add -ende. Years are usually split into two two-digit chunks.
序数词:første(第一), anden(第二), tredje(第三);更大数字加 -ende。年份通常按两位一组拆分读出。
Den 20. (tyvende) marts. · 1998 → nitten-otteoghalvfems · 2005 → to tusind og fem
March 20th · 1998 (19-98, split) · 2005 (not split, since round-hundred years are read as a full number) · 3月20日 · 1998(19-98) · 2005(不拆分,因整百年份按完整数读)

7. 时间介词 · Time prepositions (Hvornår?)

介词含义 Meaning例句
omrecurring/future · 周期性/将来om morgenen(every morning · 每天早上), om en time(in an hour · 一小时后)
ipast/duration · 过去/持续时长i går(yesterday · 昨天), i to timer(for two hours · 持续两小时)
specific weekday · 具体星期几på mandag(next Monday · 下周一)

Master the vigesimal system, the half-hour-ahead logic, and the units-before-tens word order — then Danish numbers become second nature. · 掌握二十进制、“超前半小时”报时逻辑和“个位在前”的语序,丹麦语数字就会变成本能反应。